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Francis Bacon

Letter seeking patronage and expressing his intellectual ambitions

4 min read • England

My Lord,

With as much confidence as mine own honest and faithful devotion unto your service and your honourable correspondence unto me and my poor estate can breed in a man, do I commend myself unto your Lordship. I wax now somewhat ancient; one and thirty years is a great deal of sand in the hour-glass. My health, I thank God, I find confirmed: and I do not fear that action shall impair it, because I account my ordinary course of study and meditation to be more painful than most parts of action are. I ever bare a mind (in some middle place that I could discharge) to serve her Majesty; not as a man born under Sol, that loveth honour; nor under Jupiter, that loveth business (for the contemplative planet carrieth me away wholly); but as a man born under an excellent Sovereign, that deserveth the dedication of all men’s abilities.

Besides, I do not find in myself so much self-love, but that the greater parts of my thoughts are to deserve well (if I were able) of my friends, and namely of your Lordship; who being the Atlas of this commonwealth, the honour of my house, and the second founder of my poor estate, I am tied by all duties, both of a good patriot, and of an unworthy kinsman, and of an obliged servant, to employ whatsoever I am to do you service. Again, the meanness of my estate doth somewhat move me: for though I cannot accuse myself that I am either prodigal or slothful, yet my health is not to spend, nor my course to get.

Lastly, I confess that I have as vast contemplative ends, as I have moderate civil ends: for I have taken all knowledge to be my province; and if I could purge it of two sorts of rovers, whereof the one with frivolous disputations, confutations, and verbosities, the other with blind experiments and auricular traditions and impostures, hath committed so many spoils, I hope I should bring in industrious observations, grounded conclusions, and profitable inventions and discoveries; the best state of that province. This, whether it be curiosity, or vain glory, or nature, or (if one take it favourably) philanthropy, is so fixed in my mind, as it cannot be removed. And I do easily see, that place of any reasonable countenance doth bring commandment of more wits than of a man’s own; which is the thing I greatly affect.

And for your Lordship, perhaps you shall not find more strength and less encounter in any other. And if your Lordship shall find now, or at any time, that I do seek or affect any place whereunto any that is nearer unto your Lordship shall be concurrent, say then that I am a most dishonest man. And if your Lordship will not carry me on, I will not do as Anaxagoras did, who reduced himself with contemplation unto voluntary poverty; but this I will do, I will sell the inheritance that I have, and purchase some lease of quick revenue, or some office of gain that shall be executed by deputy, and so give over all care of service, and become some sorry bookmaker, or a true pioneer in that mine of truth, which (he said) lay so deep. This which I have writ unto your Lordship is rather thoughts than words, being set down without all art, disguising, or reservation: wherein I have done honour both to your Lordship’s wisdom, in judging that that will be best believed of your Lordship which is truest, and to your Lordship’s good nature, in retaining nothing from you. And even so I wish your Lordship all happiness, and to myself continuance in your good opinion, which I account a second fortune.

Your Lordship’s most bounden, FR. Bacon

Your Lordship's most bounden, FR. Bacon

About This Letter

Historical Context

This letter was written by the 31-year-old Francis Bacon to his uncle, Lord Burghley (William Cecil), Queen Elizabeth I's chief minister. Bacon was seeking patronage and governmental position while articulating his grand intellectual vision that would later define the Scientific Revolution.

Significance

This letter contains one of the most famous declarations in the history of science and philosophy: 'I have taken all knowledge to be my province.' It reveals Bacon's revolutionary vision to systematically reform human knowledge through empirical observation and inductive reasoning, laying the groundwork for modern scientific methodology.

About Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, and author who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. He is best known for developing the scientific method and for his influential works including 'The Advancement of Learning' and 'Novum Organum.' He is often called the 'Father of Empiricism' and played a key role in the Scientific Revolution.

About Lord Treasurer Burghley

William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1520-1598) was Queen Elizabeth I's chief advisor and Lord High Treasurer for most of her reign. He was one of the most powerful men in England and Bacon's uncle. Cecil was known for his political acumen and played a crucial role in establishing England as a major European power.

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