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Walt Whitman

Response to Emerson's letter praising the first edition of 'Leaves of Grass', expressing Whitman's vision for American poetry

4 min read • Brooklyn, New York

Dear Master,

Here are thirty-two Poems, which I send you, dear Friend and Master, not having found how I could satisfy myself with sending any usual acknowledgment of your letter. The first edition, on which you mailed me that till now unanswered letter, was twelve poems—I printed a thousand copies, and they readily sold; these thirty-two Poems I stereotype, to print several thousand copies of.

I much enjoy making poems. Other work I have set for myself to do, to meet people and The States face to face, to confront them with an American rude tongue; but the work of my life is making poems. I keep on till I make a hundred, and then several hundred—perhaps a thousand. The way is clear to me. A few years, and the average annual call for my Poems is ten or twenty thousand copies—more, quite likely.

Why should I fret myself because custom and authority have not yet put the divine stamp upon my productions? I know well enough that that stamp will come, in due time. I am in no haste. I know that the body of a man, the body of a common farmer, sea-captain, or carpenter, is, so far as the truths of the spirit are concerned, just as good as the body of a duke—and I know that the soul of a common farmer, sea-captain, or carpenter, is just as eligible to receive the inspiration of poems as the soul of a duke.

Master, I am a man who has perfect faith. Master, we have not come through centuries, caste, heroisms, fables, to halt in this land today. Or I think it is to collect a ten-fold impetus that any halt is made. As nature, inexorable, onward, resistless, impassive amid the threats and screams of disputants, so America. Let all defer. Let all attend respectfully the leisure of These States, their politics, poems, literature, manners, and their free-range’d manners of training their own offspring. Their own comes, just matured, certain, numerous and capable enough, with egotistical tongues, with sinewed wrists, seizing openly what belongs to them.

They resume Personality, too long left out of mind. Their shadows are projected in employments, in books, in the cities, in trade; their feet are on the flights of the steps of the Capitol; they dilate, a larger, saner, more splendid Personality. They are not mental calibres, but entire living identities, full of the best blood, electric, muscular, over-arching, and touching the zenith.

The Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth have probably the fullest poetical nature. The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem. In the history of the earth hitherto the largest and most stirring appear tame and orderly to their ampler largeness and stir. Here at last is something in the doings of man that corresponds with the broadcast doings of the day and night.

Here is not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations. Here is action untied from strings necessarily blind to particulars and details magnificently moving in vast masses. Here is the hospitality which forever indicates heroes. Here are the roughs and beards and space and ruggedness and nonchalance that the soul loves.

Here the performance disdaining the trivial unapproached in the tremendous audacity of its crowds and groupings and the push of its perspective spreads with crampless and flowing breadth and showers its prolific and splendid extravagance.

One sees it must indeed own the riches of the summer and winter, and need never be bankrupt while corn grows from the ground or the orchards drop apples or the bays contain fish or men beget children upon women.

Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman

About This Letter

Historical Context

Written in response to Emerson's famous letter of July 21, 1855, which praised the first edition of 'Leaves of Grass' and called it 'the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that America has yet contributed.' This letter outlines Whitman's ambitious vision for American poetry.

Significance

This letter serves as Whitman's literary manifesto, expressing his belief in the democratic potential of American poetry and his vision of the poet as the voice of the common people. It reveals the philosophical foundation behind 'Leaves of Grass' and Whitman's revolutionary approach to poetry.

About Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) was an American poet whose work broke new ground in both form and subject matter. His collection 'Leaves of Grass' revolutionized American poetry with its free verse and celebration of democracy, nature, and the human body.

About Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was the leading figure of American Transcendentalism and one of the most influential thinkers of the 19th century. His essay 'The Poet' (1844) called for a distinctly American poetry, which Whitman saw himself as fulfilling.

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